There have been concerns in your network that the wireless network components is not sufficiently secure. You perform a vulnerabilities scan of the wireless network and find that it is using an old encryption protocol that was designed to mimic wired encryption. What encryption protocol is being used?

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There have been concerns in your network that the wireless network components is not sufficiently secure. You perform a vulnerabilities scan of the wireless network and find that it is using an old encryption protocol that was designed to mimic wired encryption.

What encryption protocol is being used?

Option 1 : WPA
Option 2 : WEP
Option 3 : RADIUS
Option 4 : WPA3
1. WPA

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) are the three security and security certification programs developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serious weaknesses researchers had found within the previous system, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP).
WPA (sometimes mentioned because the draft IEEE 802.11i standard) became available in 2003. The Wi-Fi Alliance intended it as an intermediate measure in anticipation of the supply of the safer and sophisticated WPA2, which became available in 2004 and may be a common shorthand for the complete IEEE 802.11i (or IEEE 802.11i-2004) standard.
In January 2018, Wi-Fi Alliance announced the discharge of WPA3 with several security improvements over WPA2.
The Wi-Fi Alliance intended WPA as an intermediate measure to require the place of WEP pending the supply of the complete IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA might be implemented through firmware upgrades on wireless network interface cards designed for WEP that began shipping as far back as 1999. However, since the changes required within the wireless access points (APs) were more extensive than those needed on the network cards, most pre-2003 APs couldn’t be upgraded to support WPA.
The WPA protocol implements much of the IEEE 802.11i standard. Specifically, the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) was adopted for WPA. WEP used a 64-bit or 128-bit encryption key that has got to be manually entered on wireless access points and devices and doesn’t change. TKIP employs a per-packet key, meaning that it dynamically generates a replacement 128-bit key for every packet and thus prevents the kinds of attacks that compromised WEP.
WPA also includes a Message Integrity Check, which is meant to stop an attacker from altering and resending data packets. This replaces the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) that was employed by the WEP standard. CRC’s main flaw was that it didn’t provide a sufficiently strong data integrity guarantee for the packets it handled. Well-tested message authentication codes existed to unravel these problems, but they required an excessive amount of computation to be used on old network cards. WPA uses a message integrity check algorithm called TKIP to verify the integrity of the packets. TKIP is far stronger than a CRC, but not as strong because the algorithm utilized in WPA2. Researchers have since discovered a flaw in WPA that relied on older weaknesses in WEP and therefore the limitations of the message integrity code hash function, named Michael, to retrieve the keystream from short packets to use for re-injection and spoofing.

2. WEP

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) may be a security protocol, laid out in the IEEE wireless local area network (Wi-Fi) standard, 802.11b, that’s designed to supply a wireless local area network (WLAN) with A level of security and privacy like what’s usually expected of a wired LAN. A wired local area network (LAN) is usually protected by physical security mechanisms (controlled access to a building, for example) that are effective for a controlled physical environment, but could also be ineffective for WLANs because radio waves aren’t necessarily bound by the walls containing the network. WEP seeks to determine similar protection thereto offered by the wired network’s physical security measures by encrypting data transmitted over the WLAN. encoding protects the vulnerable wireless link between clients and access points; once this measure has been taken, other typical LAN security mechanisms like password protection, end-to-end encryption, virtual private networks (VPNs), and authentication are often put in situ to make sure privacy.
A research group from the University of California at Berkeley recently published a report citing “major security flaws” in WEP that left WLANs using the protocol susceptible to attacks (called wireless equivalent privacy attacks). within the course of the group’s examination of the technology, they were ready to intercept and modify transmissions and gain access to restricted networks. The Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) claims that WEP – which is included in many networking products – was never intended to be the only security mechanism for a WLAN, and that, in conjunction with traditional security practices, it’s very effective.

3. RADIUS

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) may be a networking protocol, operating on ports 1812 and 1813, that gives centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA or Triple A) management for users who connect and use a network service. RADIUS was developed by Livingston Enterprises, Inc. in 1991 as an access server authentication and accounting protocol and later brought into the web Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards.
RADIUS may be a client/server protocol that runs within the application layer, and may use either TCP or UDP as transport. Network access servers, the gateways that control access to a network, usually contain a RADIUS client component that communicates with the RADIUS server. RADIUS is usually the back-end of choice for 802.1X authentication also .
The RADIUS server is typically a background process running on a UNIX or Microsoft Windows server.

4. WPA3

WPA3™ is that the next generation of Wi-Fi security and provides cutting-edge security protocols to the market. Building on the widespread success and adoption of Wi-Fi CERTIFIED WPA2™, WPA3 adds new features to simplify Wi-Fi security, enable more robust authentication, deliver increased cryptographic strength for sensitive data markets, and maintain resiliency of mission critical networks. All WPA3 networks:
• Use the newest security methods
• Disallow outdated legacy protocols
• Require use of Protected Management Frames (PMF)
Since Wi-Fi networks differ in usage purpose and security needs, WPA3 includes additional capabilities specifically for private and enterprise networks. Users of WPA3-Personal receive increased protections from password guessing attempts, while WPA3-Enterprise users can now cash in of upper grade security protocols for sensitive data networks.
WPA3, which retains interoperability with WPA2™ devices, may be a mandatory certification for Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™ devices.

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