How Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Works

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

How Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Works is a client/server protocol that gives an IP address to an IP host. additionally, to the IP address, the DHCP server also provides configuration-related information like the default gateway and subnet mask. When a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol client device boots up, it participates in traffic broadcasting.

DHCP can assign IP configuration to hosts connecting to a network. The distribution of IP configuration to hosts simplifies the administrator’s work to take care of IP networks.

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DHCP servers maintain TCP/IP configuration information during a database like valid TCP/IP configuration parameters, valid IP addresses, and duration of the lease offered by the server. It provides address configurations to DHCP-enabled clients within the sort of a lease offer.

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Working of DHCP:

1. The client broadcasts DHCPDISCOVER/SOLICIT request asking for DHCP Configuration information.
2. DHCP-relay agent captures the client request and unicasts it to the DHCP servers available within the network.
3. Relay agent broadcasts DHCPOFFER/ADVERTISE within the client’s subnet.
4. The client broadcasts DHCPREQUEST/REQUEST asking DHCP server to supply the DHCP configuration information.
5. The DHCP server sends unicast DHCPACK/REPLY message to the client with the IP config and information.

Benefits of DHCP

DHCP provides the following benefits.

• Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused by manual IP address configuration, such as typographical errors, or address conflicts caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one computer at the same time.
• Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce network administration:
  • Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.
  • The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.
  • The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by means of DHCP options.
  • The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated frequently, such as those for portable devices that move to different locations on a wireless network.
  • The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent, which eliminates the need for a DHCP server on every subnet.

DHCP port number for the server is 67 and for the client is 68. It is a Client-server protocol which uses UDP services. An IP address is assigned from a pool of addresses. In Training ECIHv2 you learn How DHCP works join Infosavvy Chennai Location.

Also Read:- DHCP Request/Reply Messages

Questions related to this topic

1. What are the steps a client uses to acquire an address from a DHCP server?
2. What is the IP address of the DHCP server?
3. What are the 4 steps of DHCP?
4. How does DHCP assign IP addresses?
5. How Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Works?

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